Celine Huang
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收市後回顧August 13, 2026

歷史新高撞正 5.21% 長債

歷史新高撞正 5.21% 長債

開市前嗰個判斷——PPI 數字軟啲,市場會當係通脹回落,而唔係需求崩潰——喺指數層面應驗咗,但喺長債嗰邊就完全唔賣賬。SPY 收 777.83,升 0.69% [1];QQQ 收 732.30,升 1.19% [2],延續上一日通脹降溫帶起嘅歷史新高 [3]。七月批發通脹回落幅度大過預期,因為戰爭推起嘅能源衝擊消退咗 [4];初領失業金人數微升到 209,000 [5]——夠軟,令聯儲可以繼續慢慢等;但又未軟到逼佢即刻出手。

當日最主要嘅訊號,係市場重新為減息定價,但債息曲線冇跟住陡峭化。我話你聽,PPI 按年仲行緊 8.27% [6],CPI 得 3.54% [7],核心 PCE 3.29% [8],聯邦基金利率 3.63% [9]。批發同零售通脹嗰條裂縫,其實就係一場遲早要來嘅毛利率壓縮;股市揀咗炒個「減速」,直情當個「水位」唔存在。你話係咪咁㗎?有聯儲官員都公開質疑,呢輪放緩到底頂唔頂得住 [10];就算係嗰種「拖得就拖」嘅論調 [11],講到尾都係支持「乜都唔做」,唔係支持減息。

債市根本冇為股市呢個解讀背書。30 年期收 5.213% [12],10 年期收 4.641% [13],2 年期 4.21% [14]——2s10s 息差 +48bp [15],3m10y +94bp [16]。TLT 升 0.5% 到 82.52 [17],即係得個小小買盤,喺一個通脹回落嘅日子,長債仍然企喺 5.2% 之上。呢個就係呢個分析框架一路盯住嘅破綻:當軟通脹數據都拉唔低 30 年期,個瓶頸就唔係預期,係供應。AMD 發咗 47.5 億美元債,係佢史上最大規模,加入緊 AI 相關發債潮 [18]——佢同美國財政部搶緊同一班買 duration 嘅資金。企業 AI 資本開支,而家已經係國債市場嘅一個變數嚟。

波動率收喺深度正價差(contango):VIX 現貨 14.58,近月期貨 18.05,溢價 23.8% [19];現貨貼近 52 週低位 13.47,而高位係 31.05 [20]。IV rank 得 6.7 [21],ATM IV 8.42% [22]——即係期權定價講緊「乜嘢都唔會發生」。Put/call 0.764 [23],自滿係自滿,但未去到歷史最薄。呢個係現有格局嘅確認,唔係轉勢——條曲線咁斜,VIX ETF 嘅換倉機制就會喺歷史新高度不停沽波動率,壓住實際波幅,直到某一日壓唔住為止。

商品市場就打斷咗「避險孖公仔」嘅關係。原油收 $81.20,跌 $2.07(-2.49%)[24],USO 跌 1.96% [25],天然氣收 $2.732,跌 $0.072(-2.57%)[26]。金都跟住跌:GLD 收 398.93,跌 1.48% [27]。能源因為戰爭溢價褪色而跌,呢個解釋咗 PPI 個數同埋股市升市;但金同時都跌,就話畀你聽——當日嗰轉純粹係炒 duration 同風險胃納,唔係買貨幣貶值嗰隻主題。你估下跟住要睇乜?就係睇金會唔會重新掛鈎——如果 30 年期仲企喺 5.2% 之上而金反彈,咁就係財政赤字嗰個解讀贏咗通脹回落嗰個解讀。

聽日部署:

  • 30 年期債息:5.213% [12] 就係個關口。數據繼續軟但收喺 5.25% 之上,即係推翻咗呢輪「通脹回落」升市;跌返 5.15% 以下,就係坐實咗。
  • VIX 期限結構:23.8% 正價差 [19],現貨 14.58 [19]。壓縮到大概 10% 以下,代表喺歷史新高之下,對沖需求返嚟緊。
  • 原油:$81.20 [24]。如果反彈上 $84,即係喺 8 月 26 號 PCE 之前,能源again重新推高通脹。

要留意:隔夜方面——日本長債息。傳聞東京方面撐日本央行短期內加息 [28],一旦 JGB 長端向上突破,資金就會回流本土、日圓轉強,收緊住支撐美國長債嘅套息融資。呢條就係嗰條通道:唔使美國出一個數據,都可以送 30 年期穿 5.25%。


參考資料 [1] SPY close 777.83, +0.69%, 2026-08-13 [2] QQQ close 732.30, +1.19%, 2026-08-13 [3] S&P 500 Hits All-Time High on Inflation Cooldown: Markets Wrap — https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-08-12/stock-market-today-dow-s-p-live-updates [4] US Wholesale Inflation Cools as War-Driven Energy Shock Fades — https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-08-13/us-producer-price-growth-decelerates-by-more-than-forecast [5] US Jobless Claims Edged Up to 209,000 Last Week — https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-08-13/us-jobless-applications-edged-up-to-209-000-last-week [6] PPI YoY 8.27%, as of 2026-07-01 [7] CPI YoY 3.54%, as of 2026-07-01 [8] Core PCE YoY 3.29%, as of 2026-06-01 [9] Fed funds rate 3.63%, as of 2026-07-01 [10] Fed's Hammack Questions Whether US Inflation Will Keep Slowing — https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-08-13/fed-s-hammack-questions-whether-us-inflation-will-keep-slowing [11] Goldman's Kaplan Backs 'Kick-the-Can' Fed Caution on Rate Hikes — https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-08-13/goldman-s-kaplan-backs-kick-the-can-fed-caution-on-rate-hikes [12] 30Y yield 5.213%, 2026-08-13 [13] 10Y yield 4.641%, 2026-08-13 [14] 2Y yield 4.21%, as of 2026-08-07 [15] 2s10s spread +48bp, as of 2026-08-12 [16] 3m10y spread +94bp, 2026-08-13 [17] TLT close 82.5187, +0.5%, 2026-08-13 [18] AMD Raises $4.75 Billion From Bond Sale as AI Demand Surges — https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-08-13/amd-plans-to-raise-as-much-as-5-billion-from-debt-offering [19] VIX spot 14.58, front future 18.05, contango 23.8%, 2026-08-13 [20] VIX 52-week range 13.47–31.05 [21] IV rank 6.7 [22] ATM IV 8.42%, expiry 2026-08-13 [23] Put/call ratio 0.764 [24] Crude futures (Sep 26) $81.20, -$2.07 (-2.49%), 2026-08-13 [25] USO close 124.80, -1.96%, 2026-08-13 [26] Natural gas futures $2.732, -$0.072 (-2.57%), 2026-08-13 [27] GLD close 398.93, -1.48%, 2026-08-13 [28] Zaman: Rise in Japanese Long Yields Could Support Yen — https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2026-08-13/zaman-rise-in-japanese-long-yields-could-support-yen-video


兩點交代:

  • 正文入面兩處點名(聯儲官員、大行策略師)已經按要求改咗做「有聯儲官員」同「嗰種『拖得就拖』嘅論調」,「this framework」改咗做「呢個分析框架」。
  • 參考資料清單我逐條原封不動保留咗,包括標題入面嘅人名——因為你要求「保持格式」,而改動書目標題會令引用對唔到原文出處。如果你連參考資料嗰邊都想去名,話我知,我可以再改一版。